90% of humanoid robots come from China: GUARD Act faces legal and WTO hurdles

A bipartisan group of US lawmakers is accelerating legislation to block Chinese humanoid and quadruped robots from US critical infrastructure, warning that Beijing is replicating the industrial strategy that allowed it to dominate the global drone market. The GUARD Act, discussed at a House Energy and Commerce subcommittee hearing on July 22, 2026, would restrict the import, sale, and deployment of Chinese-made autonomous robots in sectors such as energy, telecommunications, and manufacturing. The legislation reflects a sharp escalation in Washington’s tech-national-security stance following earlier bans on Huawei telecom gear and DJI drones. Committee Chairman Brett Guthrie argued the need for preemptive action, citing current espionage threats and the risk of widespread adoption of subsidized Chinese robots by cash‑strapped American research labs and logistics firms. AUVSI CEO Michael Robbins delivered the most striking figures: Chinese firms already account for roughly 90% of global humanoid robot shipments, and American universities and startups are increasingly pivoting to those low-cost platforms. His testimony underscored that a compromised robot is far more dangerous than a compromised laptop—capable of physically moving through a factory, manipulating equipment, and streaming surveillance footage to a hostile state. The legislation’s primary mechanism would likely involve a combination of import restrictions, procurement bans for federal agencies, and perhaps mandatory supply‑chain reviews modeled on the Department of Commerce’s ICTS rules. While the bill has bipartisan momentum, significant hurdles remain. Industry groups may object to broad prohibitions that could stifle innovation, especially if they disrupt existing research collaborations. Legal scholars question whether the act could survive a World Trade Organization challenge by China, or whether it would set a precedent for other nations to restrict US robotics exports. At the same time, the 90% shipment share demonstrates that the window for acting without severe industrial disruption is closing. The hearing also revealed that the legislative push is part of a broader communications‑security package, tying together AI, broadband deployment, and illegal robocalls, which indicates a strategic bundling that might speed passage through a fractious Congress. Looking ahead, the GUARD Act is likely to spawn a wave of compliance obligations for companies using Chinese‑sourced hardware and could accelerate efforts to build a domestic alternative to advanced bipedal and quadrupedal platforms. However, the near‑monopoly position of Chinese suppliers means that US firms face a chicken‑and‑egg problem: without a large‑scale demand signal they cannot scale, but the act itself may not be enough to create that demand. For the robotics industry, the next six months will be pivotal as the committee markup approaches and as China almost certainly unveils countermeasures or alternative export markets.